Blue Nevi - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Blue nevus was first described as a variant of melanoma. It is a dark blue - black nevus covered by smooth skin and with minimal or without melanin pigmentation. Amelanotic cellular blue nevus is a cellular blue nevus. Blue nevi can also become cancerous when triggered by over exposure to UV rays. Like any other colored moles, these moles should be kept away from being exposed to the sunrays. The sun can damage the skin and could turn into melanoma. Blue nevi are solitary papules 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter or, less commonly, plaques, with a bluish color. Blue nevi are histologically similar to the Mongolian patch, commonly seen over the sacrum of Asian or African-American children. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder characterized by hemangiomas of the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Dysplastic nevi can be found anywhere, but are most common on the trunk. Patients may have one, several, or dozens of dysplastic nevi at the same time. They often occur on sun-protected areas such as buttocks, breasts, and scalp. Although no minimum diameter is defined for dysplastic nevi, but they usually tend to be larger than common nevi, often greater than 5 mm in diameter. Blue nevi are most frequently noted in Asian populations, where the prevalence is estimated to be 3-5% in adults. They are found in 1-2% of white adults and are rarely found in blacks. Blue nevi are uncommon at birth or in the first few years of life, with an estimated prevalence of less than 1 case per 1000 population. Common and cellular blue nevi are not associated with chromosomal aberrations, and they show fewer B-RAF mutations compared with congenital and acquired nevi.

Causes of Blue Nevi

Common causes of Blue Nevi

• Cold weather.
• Melanoma.
• Moles.
• Aging.
• Bulging veins.
• UV radiation trigger.
• Raynaud's phenomenon.
• Weakened Immune System.
• Sunburns.
• Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Symptoms of Blue Nevi

Common Symptoms of Blue Nevi

• Itches.
• Burning sensation.
• Surrounded by redness.
• Pain.
• Lesion.
• It is dry, rough to the touch and sensitive.
• Notched or fading borders.

Treatment of Blue Nevi

Common Treatment of Blue Nevi

• Pulsed Q-switched laser surgery is a very effective treatment for nevi of Ota and Ito, and it works via selective photothermal and photomechanical destruction of dermal melanocytes and melanophages.
• Cryotherapy is also very effective in the eradication of damaged part of the skin.
• Dermabrasion can be used as alone or combined with other modalities, such as carbon dioxide snow, autologous epithelial grafting.
• Dysplastic moles can also be removed by microscopic evaluation .
• Use a good sunscreen lotion of minimum SPF-15 and wear a broad-brimmed hat when outdoors.
• Destroying the abnormal cells is usually done by freezing the skin with liquid nitrogen.

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